Component Libraries: ETAP provides extensive libraries of AC components, including generators, transformers, circuit breakers, switches, buses, transmission lines, and loads. Users can drag and drop these components to create detailed network models.
Multi-Line Diagrams: Supports graphical representation of AC systems using multi-line diagrams. Users can customize the diagrams to reflect the actual configuration of their power systems.
Busbar Modeling: Allows for the modeling of busbars that interconnect various components of the AC network, including power sources and loads.
Load Modeling: Enables modeling of various types of AC loads, including resistive, inductive, capacitive, and dynamic loads. Load profiles can be defined to simulate different operational conditions.

Steady-State Analysis: Performs load flow studies to analyze voltage levels, power flows, and system stability under steady-state conditions. ETAP’s algorithms calculate power distribution and voltage drops throughout the network.
Voltage Regulation: Analyzes voltage levels at different nodes in the AC network and assesses the performance of voltage regulation devices, such as transformers with tap changers.
Power Factor Correction: Evaluates the power factor across the system and provides recommendations for power factor correction to improve system efficiency.

Fault Analysis: Conducts short circuit studies to evaluate the effects of faults on the AC system. ETAP calculates fault currents for different types of faults, including three-phase, line-to-line, line-to-ground, and double line-to-ground faults.
Protection Coordination: Assists in designing and coordinating protective devices by simulating fault conditions and determining the appropriate settings for relays and circuit breakers.
Fault Detection: Identifies potential fault locations and assesses the impact on system stability and protection.

Dynamic Simulation: Simulates the transient behavior of the AC system during dynamic events such as motor start-ups, load changes, and fault conditions. ETAP models the system’s response to these events to assess stability and performance.
Time-Domain Analysis: Provides time-domain simulations to analyze the temporal response of the system to transient disturbances. This includes evaluating oscillations and stability of system components.
Event Analysis: Models specific transient events to assess their impact on the AC network and determine necessary corrective actions.

System Response: Analyzes the dynamic stability of the AC system, including the response of generators and other dynamic components to disturbances. ETAP evaluates system behavior over time to ensure stability and reliable operation.
Generator Dynamics: Models the dynamic behavior of generators, including their response to load changes and fault conditions. This analysis helps in optimizing generator performance and stability.
Load Dynamics: Evaluates the impact of changing loads on system stability and response.

Harmonic Distortion: Analyzes harmonic distortion in the AC network caused by non-linear loads such as variable frequency drives and rectifiers. ETAP evaluates the impact of harmonics on system performance and provides solutions for mitigation.
Filter Design: Assists in designing harmonic filters to reduce distortion and improve power quality.

Optimal Power Flow: Optimizes power generation and distribution in the AC system to minimize operational costs and enhance efficiency. ETAP evaluates various operational scenarios to determine the most cost-effective solutions.
Environmental Impact: Assesses the environmental impact of the AC system, including emissions and energy consumption, and suggests measures for improvement.

Data Import and Export: Supports the import and export of data from other software tools and systems, allowing for seamless integration and analysis of AC power systems.
Compliance: Ensures adherence to industry standards and regulations for AC system analysis and design.

Here’s an overview of ETAP’s AC system modeling features:

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