Types of Transformers

1. Step-Up Transformer:

   • Operation: Increases the voltage from the primary to the secondary winding. The secondary winding has more turns than the primary winding.
   • Applications: Used in power generation stations and transmission networks to step up the voltage for efficient long-distance transmission.

2. Step-Down Transformer:

   • Operation: Decreases the voltage from the primary to the secondary winding. The secondary winding has fewer turns than the primary winding.
   • Applications: Used in distribution networks to step down the voltage to a usable level for residential and commercial applications.

3. Isolation Transformer:

   • Operation: Provides electrical isolation between the primary and secondary windings without changing the voltage. It typically has a 1:1 turns ratio.
   • Applications: Used to isolate sensitive equipment from the power source, reduce noise, and improve safety.

4. Auto-Transformer:

   • Operation: Uses a single winding that acts as both the primary and secondary winding. The voltage is adjusted by tapping different points on the winding.
   • Applications: Used for voltage regulation and in applications where a small voltage change is needed.

5. Distribution Transformer:

   • Operation: Used to step down high voltage from transmission lines to lower voltage for distribution to homes and businesses.
   • Applications: Found in distribution networks in residential and commercial areas.

6. Power Transformer:

   • Operation: Designed for high voltage and high power applications. It is used in transmission networks to step up or step down voltage for efficient power transmission.
   • Applications: Used in electrical substations and power generation plants.

7. Instrument Transformer:

   • Operation: Designed for measurement and protection purposes. Includes current transformers (CTs) and voltage transformers (VTs).
   • Applications: Used for metering and protection in electrical systems.