Transformers

2.1. Definition

Transformer: A transformer is an electrical device that changes the voltage level of an alternating current (AC) supply. It operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction and is used to either step up (increase) or step down (decrease) voltage levels.

2.2. Types

• Step-Up Transformer: Increases the voltage from the primary winding to the secondary winding. Used in power generation stations to increase voltage for efficient transmission over long distances.
• Step-Down Transformer: Decreases the voltage from the primary winding to the secondary winding. Used in distribution networks to lower the voltage to a usable level for consumers.
• Isolation Transformer: Provides electrical isolation between the input and output, often used to protect sensitive equipment.
• Autotransformer: Uses a single winding to serve as both the primary and secondary winding. Offers a more compact and cost-effective solution for voltage adjustment.

2.3. Applications

• Power Distribution: Used in power distribution systems to adjust voltage levels for transmission and distribution.
• Industrial Processes: Provide the required voltage levels for various industrial equipment and machinery.
• Residential and Commercial Buildings: Ensure that electricity supplied to homes and businesses is at the appropriate voltage level.

2.4. Considerations

• Voltage Rating: Select transformers based on the voltage levels required for the application.
• Capacity: Choose transformers with the appropriate power rating to handle the load demands.
• Cooling: Transformers may require cooling systems, such as oil or air cooling, depending on their size and application.